The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the

Solution & Explanation

Answer: (B) Convergent evolution. Penguins are birds and dolphins are mammals; their flippers are anatomically different structures that evolved independently for the same function (swimming) because of the similar aquatic habitat. Such analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution, where different structures evolve toward the same function. NCERT Reference: Ch 6 Evolution, p.115, lines 11–17: "analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution - different structures evolving for the same function and hence having similarity. Other examples of analogy are the eye of the octopus and of mammals or the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins."