Genetic disorders — Principles of inheritance and variation NEET Questions 2026

Sample Questions — Genetic disorders

Try 5 questions below from Genetic disorders. Get all 39 in the MedicNEET app.

MCQ

Why is thalassemia classified as a quantitative haemoglobin disorder while sickle-cell is qualitative?

A. Thalassemia reduces synthesis of globin chains; sickle-cell alters structure
B. Thalassemia affects the number of RBCs, not structure and function of hemoglobin
C. Both reduce haemoglobin levels, so they are the same
D. Sickle-cell causes increase in globin chain production

✅ Correct Answer: A

Thalassemia leads to reduced or absent globin chain formation, affecting quantity. Sickle-cell alters the amino acid sequence.

MCQ

Why is the phenotypic effect of Klinefelter’s syndrome different from Turner’s syndrome?

✅ Correct Answer: D

Klinefelter’s: XXY (extra X); Turner’s: XO (missing X). Both affect sexual traits differently due to imbalance.

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MCQ

Which of the following disorders is not a Mendelian disorder?

✅ Correct Answer: D

Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal disorder (trisomy 21); others are Mendelian single-gene disorders.

MCQ

Which condition is characterised by mental retardation, broad forehead, and short stature?

✅ Correct Answer: C

These are common phenotypic features of individuals with trisomy 21.

MCQ

Why are Mendelian disorders like haemophilia and thalassemia considered predictable across generations?

✅ Correct Answer: A

Mendelian disorders are inherited through specific genes following established inheritance laws.

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